Published
Dec 16, 2024
Updated
Dec 16, 2024

Can AI Crack the Code? LLMs Play Codenames

Codenames as a Benchmark for Large Language Models
By
Matthew Stephenson|Matthew Sidji|Benoît Ronval

Summary

Codenames, the popular word association board game, isn't just a fun party activity—it's a surprisingly complex challenge for artificial intelligence. Think about it: the game demands a nuanced understanding of language, strategic thinking, and even the ability to anticipate your teammate's thoughts. This makes it a perfect testing ground for the latest generation of large language models (LLMs). Researchers recently pitted state-of-the-art LLMs like GPT-4, Gemini, and Claude against each other in a Codenames showdown, exploring how well they could generate clever clues as codemasters and deduce hidden words as guessers. The results revealed some fascinating insights into how these AI models reason. While some LLMs played it safe with carefully chosen clues, others took bigger risks, sometimes leading to spectacular wins or disastrous losses when their guessers misinterpreted the hints. Interestingly, the AI agents struggled when paired with traditional word-vector based agents, highlighting the gap between purely statistical associations and the more contextual understanding of humans and LLMs. One intriguing finding was the LLMs' ability to incorporate pop culture references into their clues, demonstrating a more nuanced grasp of language than older AI techniques. However, they also exhibited some quirks, like overemphasizing the first word in a clue or misjudging the risk of leading their guesser to the dreaded assassin word. This research opens up exciting new avenues for studying LLM behavior. Codenames offers a controlled environment where researchers can tweak the board’s words, introduce linguistic complexities, or even switch to the picture-based version of the game to explore multimodal reasoning. Ultimately, by analyzing how LLMs play Codenames, we can gain a deeper understanding of their strengths and weaknesses, paving the way for more robust and human-compatible AI in the future.
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Question & Answers

How do LLMs process and generate clues in Codenames compared to traditional word-vector based approaches?
LLMs demonstrate a more sophisticated approach to Codenames by utilizing contextual understanding rather than simple word associations. While traditional word-vector models rely purely on statistical relationships between words, LLMs can incorporate cultural references, multiple word meanings, and strategic risk assessment. For example, when given words like 'castle' and 'dragon,' a word-vector model might simply find closely associated terms, but an LLM could generate a pop culture clue like 'Hogwarts' that captures both concepts while considering game strategy and avoiding the assassin word. This shows how LLMs can process language more similarly to human reasoning.
What are the real-world applications of AI language understanding in games?
AI language understanding in games has broad applications beyond entertainment. It helps develop more natural human-computer interactions, improves educational tools, and advances customer service systems. For instance, the same contextual understanding that helps AI play Codenames can be applied to create more effective virtual tutors that understand student questions, or chatbots that better grasp customer intent. This technology also helps in developing training simulations for professionals, where AI can provide more realistic and adaptive scenarios based on natural language interactions.
How can board games help improve artificial intelligence development?
Board games provide controlled environments for testing and improving AI capabilities. They offer clear rules and objectives while requiring complex skills like strategic thinking, pattern recognition, and social interaction. Games like Codenames specifically help researchers understand how AI processes language, makes decisions, and anticipates human behavior. This research translates into better AI systems for real-world applications, from improved virtual assistants to more sophisticated decision-making tools in business and healthcare. The structured nature of board games makes it easier to measure progress and identify areas for improvement in AI development.

PromptLayer Features

  1. Testing & Evaluation
  2. The paper's methodology of comparing different LLMs' performance in Codenames aligns with PromptLayer's batch testing and evaluation capabilities
Implementation Details
Set up systematic A/B tests comparing different LLM responses across varied game boards, track success rates and failure patterns, implement scoring metrics for clue quality
Key Benefits
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Potential Improvements
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Business Value
Efficiency Gains
Automated evaluation of LLM performance across multiple game scenarios
Cost Savings
Reduced manual testing effort through automated comparison workflows
Quality Improvement
More reliable and consistent evaluation of LLM capabilities
  1. Workflow Management
  2. The multi-step nature of Codenames (clue generation and guessing) maps well to PromptLayer's workflow orchestration capabilities
Implementation Details
Create separate prompt templates for clue generation and guessing, chain them together in workflows, track version history of successful strategies
Key Benefits
• Modular prompt design for different game roles • Reproducible game scenarios • Version control of successful strategies
Potential Improvements
• Add game-specific workflow templates • Implement context preservation between steps • Create specialized tracking for game outcomes
Business Value
Efficiency Gains
Streamlined management of complex multi-step LLM interactions
Cost Savings
Reduced development time through reusable templates
Quality Improvement
Better tracking and optimization of prompt chains

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