Published
Sep 26, 2024
Updated
Sep 26, 2024

Can ChatGPT Decode Your Doctor's Messy Handwriting?

Zero- and Few-shot Named Entity Recognition and Text Expansion in Medication Prescriptions using ChatGPT
By
Natthanaphop Isaradech|Andrea Riedel|Wachiranun Sirikul|Markus Kreuzthaler|Stefan Schulz

Summary

Doctor's prescriptions, a cryptic mix of abbreviations, brand names, and local jargon, are notoriously difficult to decipher. But what if AI could help translate this medical shorthand into clear, understandable instructions? Researchers explored this possibility using ChatGPT, the popular large language model, to tackle the challenge of deciphering and expanding medication prescriptions. Focusing on Thai medical records, which often blend English and Thai medical terms with unique abbreviations, the study aimed to see if ChatGPT could bring clarity to these complex instructions. The researchers used a combination of "zero-shot" and "few-shot" learning approaches, providing ChatGPT with either no examples or a limited set of correctly annotated prescriptions to guide its learning. They then tested how well ChatGPT could identify key entities like medication names, dosages, units, and instructions. The results were impressive. With just a few examples to learn from, ChatGPT achieved a high accuracy in identifying and extracting information from the prescriptions. This suggests that even with minimal training data, large language models can become proficient in deciphering medical shorthand. Interestingly, the model struggled most with units of measurement, which were often omitted in the original prescriptions. However, the bigger concern for medication information is getting it precisely correct, and ChatGPT remarkably avoided "hallucinating" or fabricating information. It preferred to not expand unknown elements rather than create potentially harmful misinformation. This cautious approach is crucial for patient safety. The study's findings have significant real-world implications. Automating the interpretation of prescriptions could reduce errors, improve communication between healthcare providers and patients, and even facilitate cross-lingual understanding of medical instructions. Imagine a world where language barriers in medicine become a thing of the past, thanks to AI-powered translation tools. While more research is needed, particularly with larger datasets and different languages, this study demonstrates the potential of LLMs like ChatGPT to revolutionize how we process and understand medical information. It opens doors to a future where AI can enhance clarity, accuracy, and safety in healthcare, one prescription at a time.
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Question & Answers

How does ChatGPT's few-shot learning approach work for decoding medical prescriptions?
In this study, few-shot learning involves providing ChatGPT with a limited set of correctly annotated prescriptions as examples before asking it to interpret new ones. The process works in three main steps: 1) The model is given sample prescriptions with correct interpretations of medication names, dosages, and instructions, 2) It learns patterns and conventions from these examples, and 3) It applies this learning to decipher new prescriptions. For example, if shown that 'bid' means 'twice daily' in several examples, ChatGPT can then correctly interpret this abbreviation in future prescriptions. The approach proved highly accurate while maintaining safety by avoiding fabrication of uncertain information.
How can AI help improve patient safety in healthcare communication?
AI can enhance patient safety in healthcare communication by reducing interpretation errors and improving clarity of medical instructions. The technology can translate complex medical terminology into plain language, standardize communication across different healthcare providers, and ensure accurate interpretation of prescriptions and medical records. For instance, AI systems can convert handwritten prescriptions into clear digital format, flag potential medication errors, and provide multilingual translations. This helps prevent misunderstandings between healthcare providers and patients, ultimately leading to better treatment adherence and reduced medical errors.
What are the potential benefits of AI in breaking down language barriers in healthcare?
AI has the potential to revolutionize healthcare communication by eliminating language barriers through accurate translation and interpretation services. The technology can translate medical documents, prescriptions, and instructions between different languages while maintaining medical accuracy. This capability could enable better healthcare access for international patients, improve communication between healthcare providers worldwide, and ensure consistent understanding of medical instructions across language barriers. For example, a prescription written in Thai could be accurately translated into multiple languages while preserving critical medical information.

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Quality Improvement
Maintains consistency in prescription interpretation across different medical contexts

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